Makhana, also known as fox nut, is emerging as a global superfood with potential. Rooted in Indian traditions and grown mainly in the state of Bihar, which produces 90% of the world’s supply, Makhana is moving beyond its cultural origins to become a profitable industry.
“Maybe there’s scope here to build a really big brand, an Indian brand that sells to the world. Personally, I’m addicted to Makhana,” Zerodha co-founder Nikhil Kamath wrote in X.
Flood-prone areas in Bihar state have become a powerhouse for makhana cultivation, generating income three times higher than rice. This crop thrives naturally in water bodies, and recent innovations such as the “Sabour Makhana-1” variety have doubled production and improved the percentage of edible seeds from 40% to 60%.
This transformation has made Makhana a critical source of income for thousands of farmers.
Full of carbohydrates, protein and essential minerals such as phosphorus and calcium, makhana is low in fat and calories, making it attractive to health-conscious consumers. Its ability to support heart health, diabetes management and weight control has increased global demand, resulting in prices rising to INR 13,000/kg in international markets.
The industry has expanded dramatically, with production tripling in the past decade. However, challenges remain, including labor-intensive harvesting methods and stringent export standards, with only 2% of seeds meeting global quality standards. However, government support and technological advances have mitigated many risks and encouraged further growth.
Kamath shared the data along with his post on startups riding on the momentum. Mr. Makhana generates Rs 50-60 lakh per month, Farmley has secured $6.7 million in funding and Shakti Sudha Makhana is on track to grow from Rs 50 lakh to Rs 1,000 crore by 2024.
These companies are redefining ‘makhana’ as more than just a snack, showcasing its potential as a global product.