As Pope Francis continues to fight double pneumonia in the hospital, his bad health is highlighting a mysterious process of how the Catholic Church is elected its leader.
The papal “Inclave” is intentionally shrouded in mysterious – the same term is Latin for a “closed room” – but here are some of its rules and wrinkles:
Who is the qualification?
Candidates should be a baptized male and Catholic. Although it is not a clear condition, each back was Cardinal before his election.
Who votes?
The Pope is chosen by 120 Cardinals who should be under the age of eighty at the time or resignation of the Pope.
As of January 22, there are 252 of the world in the world, of which 138 are suitable for age requirements. It is not clear how 120 is chosen. Those over 80 years old can participate in initial meetings.
Mary Hunt, the co -founder of the Women’s Alliance for theology, Ethics and rituals, says that the flavor to elect the Pope is not transparent or democratic.
What is the process?
The first day begins at Conclave with the private bloc, and then raises the Cardin to Sistine chapel chanting prayers and hymns, and they demand saints and the Holy Spirit to help them choose the Pope. All Cardinal puts his hand on a book of gospels and pledges “with the greatest accuracy” that does not reveal the details of the flavor.
The master of the papal liturgical celebrations, an official organizing religious celebrations by the Pope during his term, then cries “additional omnes” – Latin for “all out”. Everyone, except for the Cardino leaves, can start voting.
There is a severe secrecy of this process. According to the diocese of TorontoCardinate can be expelled if the information is leaked and the church was closed to the listening devices before and after the scope.
How do they vote?
All Cardinal writes his choice on a paper engraved in the Latin words of “I am a supreme like team.” They approach the altar one by one and say: “I pray as my watch, the Lord, the Lord who will be a judge, that my vote gives the person who, before God, must be elected.”
The folded ballot is placed on a round dish and slipped into an oval silver jar. Once the filming is done, the ballotard is opened one by one by one, who notice the names down and read them loudly.
Cruelty can maintain their own balance on a front sheet but they must turn their notes to be burned at the end of the vote.
Then the volatile adds the sounds and write the results on a separate sheet that is preserved in the papal archive.
When the volatile reads each name, each polls penetrate with a needle through the word “Eligo” (Latin “for” I Cost “), linking the sounds with the thread and tie a knot.
Then the polling is set aside and burned in the church stove with a chemical to produce white or black smoke; White when a round of voting takes on the new and black Pope when it is not.
How long does the flavor continue?
Only one poll is held on the first day, with up to four rounds of voting permissible every day after that. A majority of two -thirds of victory is needed.
If no person is elected after three days, the vote stops for up to one day. The vote is resumed, and if no door is elected after seven other votes, there is another temporary stop, and so on until about 12 days of polling passed.
If no person is chosen after 33 rounds, the Cardinals go to the run of the best two competitors, under a relatively new base presented by Pope Benedict XVI. Unlike the previous rounds, these two candidates cannot deliver the polling.
Conversions used to continue for several months, the longest recorded in choosing Gregory X in the thirteenth century, which lasted from November 1268 to September 1271 due to internal fighting and external intervention.
To prevent the same chaos he saw, Gregory X enacted new rules, isolated and closed voters – and then the term “Conclave”.
Despite some extremist values, such as Conclave of 1740 that lasted from February to August, the process now tends to spend days or sometimes weeks. The average in the twentieth century was only three days, and the two were so far from the twenty -first century, for Francis and Beddakt, they took five and four voting cards, respectively.
What happens as soon as the Pope is elected?
Once the Pope is elected, the master of the papal liturgical celebrations return to the church and the dean of the College of Cardinals – who runs the flavor if he is less than 80 years old – the winner asks: “Do you accept your ecclesiastical elections as the Pope?”
Assuming that the Cardinal says, “I accept”, the dean asks: “With what name do you want to be called?”
The papal names were originally aimed at determining the name of the winner. Pope John II, who was elected in 533, was the first to do so because he was born Merorius, after the Roman mercury. They are often considered a tribute to the previous door, and as evidence of the new person’s approach to the job.
White smoke rises in the Vatican, where Cardinal Angelo Giuseppe Ronkale was elected.
Then the liturgy of liturgical celebrations enters information on an official document, pouring white smoke from the Sistin Church and Saint Peters Basilica.
Then the new Pope turns into the white Kasoc, and one by one approach to the Cardro -covered in red to divide their obedience.
The new Pope will stop and pray in Paulin for a few minutes before appearing on the balcony record over Saint Peter Square. It is preceded by the balcony is the cardinal that announces “habemus papam!” (“We have the Pope!”) Then it presents it to the world in Latin.
Then the new Pope appears and delivers his first public words Kababa.